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[1] Maruschak, L. M., & Berzofsky, M. (2015). Medical Problems of State and Federal Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2011–12. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mpsfpji1112.pdf
[1] Grosholz, J. M., & Semenza, D. C. (2021). Health conditions and victimization among incarcerated individuals in US jails. Journal of Criminal Justice, 74, 101797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101797
[1] Maruschak, L. M., & Berzofsky, M. (2015). Medical Problems of State and Federal Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2011–12. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mpsfpji1112.pdf
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] See Dawson v. Kendrick, 527 F. Supp. 1252, 1307 (S.D. W.Va. 1981) (“It is generally recognized that prompt medical screening is a medical necessity in pretrial detention facilities.”). Turner v. Ruffin, No. 1:16-cv-510, 2017 WL 2405371, at *4 (E.D. Va. June 2, 2017) (“A delay in medical treatment may constitute deliberate indifference” if it results in “substantial harm [such as] lifelong handicap, permanent loss or considerable pain.”); Sealock v. Colorado, 218 F.3d 1205, 1210-11 (10th Cir. 2000) (holding that a several-hour delay in transporting prisoner experiencing heart attack to a hospital could constitute an Eighth Amendment violation).
[1] Bronson, J., & Berzofsky, M. (2017). Indicators of mental health problems reported by prisons and inmates, 2011–12. US Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/imhprpji1112.pdf
[1] Cramer R. J., Wechsler H. J., Miller S. L., & Yenne E. (2017). Suicide prevention in correctional settings: Current standards and recommendations for research, prevention, and training. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 23, 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345817716162
[1] Harford, T. C., Yi, H., Chen, C. M., & Grant, B. F. (2018). Substance use disorders and self- and other-directed violence among adults: Results from the national survey on drug use and health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225(1), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.021
[1] Carson, E. A. (2021). Suicide in Local Jails and State and Federal Prisons, 2000–2019 – Statistical Tables. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/sljsfp0019st.pdf
[1] Carson, E. A. (2021). Mortality in Local Jails, 2000–2019 – Statistical Tables. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0019st.pdf
[1] US Department of Justice. (2016). Report and recommendations concerning the use of restrictive housing. https://www.justice.gov/archives/dag/file/815551/download
[1] National Commission on Correctional Health Care. (2019). Suicide prevention resource guide. https://www.ncchc.org/filebin/Publications/NCCHC-AFSP_Suicide_Prevention_Resource_Guide.pdf
[1] Carson, E.A. (2021). Mortality in Local Jails, 2000–2019 – Statistical Tables. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0019st.pdf
[1] Bagnall, A. M., South, J., Hulme, C., Woodall, J., Vinall-Collier, K., Raine, G., Kinsella, K., Dixey, R., Harris, L., & Wright, N. M. (2015). A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer education and peer support in prisons. BMC public health, 15, 290. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1584-x
[1] Carson, E. A. (2021). Mortality in Local Jails, 2000–2019 – Statistical Tables. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0019st.pdf.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Bronson, J., Stroop, J., Zimmer, S., & Berzofsky, M. (2017). Drug use, dependence, and abuse among state prisoners and jail inmates, 2007–2009. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/dudaspji0709.pdf
[1] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2007 (NSDUH-2007-DS0001). https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/dataset/national-survey-drug-use-and-health-2007-nsduh-2007-ds0001; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2008 (NSDUH-2008-DS0001). https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/dataset/national-survey-drug-use-and-health-2008-nsduh-2008-ds0001; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2009 (NSDUH-2009-DS0001). https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/dataset/national-survey-drug-use-and-health-2008-nsduh-2008-ds0001
[1] Kaplowitz, E., Truong, A. Q., Macmadu, A., Peterson, M., Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. Potter, N., Green, T. C., Clarke, J. G., & Rich, J. D. (2021). Fentanyl-related overdose during incarceration: a comprehensive review. Health Justice, 9(13), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00138-6
[1] Kinlock, T. W., Gordon, M. S., Schwartz, R. P., Fitzgerald, T. T., & O’Grady, K. E. (2009). A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: Results at 12 months post release. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37(3), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2009.03.002
[1] Carson, E. A. (2021). Mortality in Local Jails, 2000–2019 – Statistical Tables. US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0019st.pdf